This article reports a case of 65-year-old patient with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) who developed disease progression 5 months after completing first-line concurrent chemoradiotherapy (etoposide plus cisplatin with radiotherapy). After a thorough assessment, the patient was enrolled in a clinical trial that employed immune therapy combined with anti-angiogenic therapy, receiving anlotinib and penpulimab (AK105) every 21 days as a treatment cycle. After 40 cycles of therapy, the patient achieved partial response (PR) with a progression-free survival (PFS) of 29.5 months. Currently, there is a lack of effective regimens for later-line treatment of relapsed LS-SCLC, and its therapeutic strategies are more frequently overlooked compared to extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). The treatment plan for this patient provides valuable clinical insights for the management of relapsed LS-SCLC in later-line settings.