Murine double minute X (MDMX) is an oncogenic protein which is aberrantly overexpressed in multiple malignant tumors, and its overexpression is closely associated with poor patient prognosis. In-depth elucidation of its functional mechanisms and regulatory networks holds significant importance for developing novel anticancer drugs targeting MDMX as a druggable vulnerability. However, due to the unique structural characteristics of MDMX, the development of MDMX inhibitors currently faces many challenges, such as poor specificity and insufficient activity. Overcoming these bottlenecks has become a critical research focus and challenge in this field. In recent years, emerging technologies represented by proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) have demonstrated unique advantages and achieved preliminary progress in this area. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of the structural characteristics, biological functions, regulatory networks and targeting inhibitors of MDMX, aiming to provide valuable insights for mechanistic research and therapeutic strategy optimization in related diseases.