Objective To investigate the correlation between the polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTPL) and the sensitivity and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) of oxaliplatin chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer.Methods A total of 70 patients with colorectal cancer treated with oxaliplatin in a hospital were selected. The basic clinical data of the patients were collected within 24 hours after admission. Blood samples (2 mL) were collected from all patients. The GSTP1 genotypes were detected by digoxin in situ hybridization kit and multi-channel fluorescence quantitative analysis. All patients were treated with mFOLFOX6/XELOX regimen. After two cycles of chemotherapy, the efficacy and toxicity were compared between patients with different genotypes. The efficacy was evaluated by the response evaluation criteria in solid tumor (RECIST), and the toxicity and side effects were evaluated by the USA National Cancer Institute common terminology criteria for adverse events (NCI-CTCAE).Results (1) There was no significant correlation between GSTP1 genotype and response to chemotherapy and other pathophysiological factors, such as gender, age, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor location, ECOG score, chemotherapy regimen, chronic disease, oxaliplatin dose and so on (P>0.05). (2) The incidence of CIPN was increased in the patients with high cumulative dose of oxaliplatin (P<0.05). (3) The control rates of patients with wild type and mutant type of GSTP1 were 78.05% and 89.66%, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). (4) The incidence of CIPN and bone marrow suppression of GSTP1 wild-type patients were significantly higher than that of GSTP1 mutant patients (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in other adverse reactions (fatigue, gastrointestinal reaction, oral mucositis, etc) between patients with different genotypes (P>0.05). (5) The CIPN occurred was mild in 70 patients, and no grade 4 or above CIPN was found. The polymorphism of GSTP1 was not associated with the severity of CIPN (P>0.05).Conclusion The polymorphism of GSTP1 was not related to the pathophysiological factors and the response to chemotherapy, but was related to CIPN in colorectal cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin. Detection of GSTP1 polymorphism may be a predictor of CIPN in colorectal cancer patients receiving oxaliplatin chemotherapy.