Objective To analyze the occurrence and clinical characteristics of Lhermitte's sign (LS) induced by oxaliplatin, and to provide reference for clinical safe medication.Methods A computer-based search was conducted in databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang data, PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline to collect the reports of LS caused by oxaliplatin. Literature was selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted for statistical analysis.Results A total of 6 studies involving 14 patients were included, among whom 12 were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The ratio of male to female was 1∶1. There were 5 cases (35.71%) aged ≥60 years, 6 cases (42.86%) aged 50-59 years, and 3 cases (21.43%) aged <50 years. The median cumulative dose of oxaliplatin was 894 mg·m^-2. The median number of chemotherapy cycle was 10. All patients experienced peripheral neuropathy changes such as paresthesia and numbness, with severe cases also presenting symptoms such as ataxia or dysuria. After the onset of LS, the symptom recovery time in patients who discontinued oxaliplatin (1-6 months) was significantly shorter than that in those who continued medication (7-17 months).Conclusion Oxaliplatin-induced LS is often accompanied by other neuropathies. It may recover on its own, but can also progress to persistent symptoms. Neck immobilization can reduce seizures, and drug discontinuation can significantly shorten the time of symptom recovery. Clinicians should be aware of the characteristic symptoms of LS during oxaliplatin treatment, and consider dose reduction or drug withdrawal in a timely manner to ensure medication safety.