At the 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting, several pivotal studies in the field of breast cancer were presented, covering major molecular subtypes including HR+/HER2-, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These advances further promote precision and stratified treatment strategies. CDK4/6 inhibitors showed favorable results in the adjuvant setting, with the DAWNA-A and NATALEE trials confirming their efficacy in Chinese and premenopausal populations, respectively. Novel oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), including imlunestrant, camizestrant, and vepdegestrant, demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in multiple phase Ⅲtrials. For patients with PIK3CA-mutated tumors, the PI3Kα inhibitor inavolisib significantly improved survival outcomes and delayed the need for chemotherapy.In the HER2-positive subtype, the DESTINY-Breast09 trial revealed that trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) combined with pertuzumab outperformed the conventional chemotherapy plus dual HER2-targeted regimen as first-line treatment. Additionally, the Chinese-led neoCARHP trial provided evidence supporting the non-inferiority and lower toxicity of a carboplatin-sparing neoadjuvant approach. For TNBC, the ASCENT-04/KEYNOTE-D19 trial demonstrated that sacituzumab govitecan combined with pembrolizumab offered superior progression-free survival compared to standard chemotherapy plus immunotherapy in PD-L1-positive patients.Moreover, studies on the prognostic impact of BRCA mutation types and ctDNA-guided dynamic treatment interventions attracted notable attention. This review summarizes the major breast cancer-related findings presented at the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting and discusses their potential implications for clinical practice and future research.