Fucosyltransferase (FUT) is a key enzyme that regulates glycosylation, and its aberrant expression is closely related to the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). This article systematically reviews the classification of FUTs, their expression characteristics in CRC, and their molecular mechanisms that regulate tumor development, microenvironment remodeling, and stem cell properties through multiple signaling pathways, and discusses the potential of diagnostic markers and small molecule inhibitors targeting FUTs. Future research should focus on elucidating functional heterogeneity among FUT isoforms to advance their clinical translation.