In recent years, remarkable advances have been achieved in the pharmacological management of B-cell lymphomas. In frontline therapy, novel immunochemotherapy-based combinations, including R-CHOP + X regimens, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and bispecific antibodies, have significantly improved survival outcomes. For relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphomas, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies, and next-generation targeted agents (e.g., BTK and BCL-2 inhibitors) have demonstrated potential for deep and durable responses. This review systematically summarizes the latest therapeutic progress stratified by frontline and R/R settings across major B-cell lymphoma subtypes: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Emphasis is placed on therapeutic breakthroughs in targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and cellular therapy.